Last updated: 2026-05-03

Earthquakes & GIS

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Earthquakes Map Video - April 7-13, 2012

This video was prepared using ESRI ArcGIS 9.3., and implementing its animation technique. The earthquake data was downloaded from the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program webpage.

Top 3 Most Devastating Earthquakes by Year, 2016–2025

This page contains public-facing div boxes for the three deadliest earthquakes in each year from 2016 through 2025, for a total of 30 earthquakes.

2025

2025 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Myanmar Earthquake

Date: March 28, 2025  |  Magnitude: M7.7  |  Estimated deaths: about 5,456  |  Location: Sagaing and Mandalay regions, Myanmar

This earthquake tore through one of Myanmar’s most heavily populated historic corridors, bringing down homes, religious buildings, roads, and public structures across a wide area. In many communities, the greatest devastation came not only from the shaking itself, but from the speed with which masonry buildings, older structures, and already-vulnerable infrastructure failed.

Public memory of this disaster is likely to center on how quickly an ordinary day turned into a regional emergency. The event became the deadliest earthquake of 2025, and its human cost was amplified by collapsed housing, disrupted rescue access, and the enormous challenge of reaching injured people in the critical first hours.

Myanmar Earthquake - 10 Key News Stories

Event date: March 28, 2025

This page documents ten notable news stories about the major earthquake that struck central Myanmar on March 28, 2025. The selections below are arranged to help readers follow the disaster from the first breaking reports, through scientific explanation and humanitarian response, to later accountability and recovery coverage.

1. Powerful earthquake kills more than 140 in Myanmar, death toll likely to rise

Source: Reuters
Published: March 28, 2025

This early breaking report captures the first wave of public information after the earthquake struck central Myanmar. It documents the initial casualty figures, severe damage in and around Mandalay, and the way the quake also triggered panic and structural failures in Bangkok.

Coverage focus: Immediate destruction, early death toll, Mandalay damage, and regional shock effects in Thailand.

Read the Reuters article

2. What caused Myanmar, Thailand earthquake? Science of damage explained

Source: Reuters
Published: March 28, 2025

This science-oriented report explains why the earthquake was so destructive. It discusses the quake's size, shallow depth, and tectonic setting, and helps general readers understand why shaking was severe enough to cause damage well beyond Myanmar's borders.

Coverage focus: Seismology, shallow-depth shaking, regional geology, and why damage extended into Thailand.

Read the Reuters science explainer

3. Myanmar earthquake: at least 144 killed as rescues also continue in Bangkok

Source: The Guardian
Published: March 28, 2025

This report provides a broad first-day overview of the earthquake's human toll and the rescue activity underway in both Myanmar and Thailand. It is useful for showing how quickly the event became a cross-border disaster story, not just a domestic one.

Coverage focus: First-day casualties, rescue operations, Bangkok tower collapse, and wider regional effects.

Read The Guardian article

4. At least 838 dead after earthquake strikes Myanmar, a country in crisis

Source: The Washington Post
Published: March 28, 2025

This story places the earthquake inside Myanmar's broader national emergency. It shows how the quake hit a country already strained by civil conflict, damaged public services, and large-scale displacement, making rescue and relief far more difficult than in a stable setting.

Coverage focus: Escalating casualty count, damaged hospitals and infrastructure, and the disaster's overlap with war and humanitarian crisis.

Read the Washington Post article

5. Myanmar quake death toll passes 1600, as junta lets in foreign rescuers

Source: Reuters
Published: March 29, 2025

This report marks the shift from immediate shock to organized international response. It documents the arrival of foreign rescue personnel and highlights the enormous logistical difficulties caused by damage to roads, bridges, airports, and other infrastructure.

Coverage focus: Rising death toll, foreign rescue teams, and access problems across a damaged transportation network.

Read the Reuters follow-up report

6. Myanmar faces humanitarian crisis after quake, IFRC says

Source: Reuters
Published: March 30, 2025

This article focuses on the scale of the humanitarian emergency. It describes how the earthquake worsened an already fragile situation and explains the urgent need for shelter, medical aid, sanitation, and access to affected communities.

Coverage focus: Red Cross response, relief needs, damaged infrastructure, and the earthquake's impact on an already vulnerable population.

Read the Reuters humanitarian report

7. Earthquake compounds Myanmar's humanitarian crisis as the death toll passes 2,000

Source: AP News
Published: March 31, 2025

This article adds strong human detail to the broader disaster narrative. It reports on the growing death toll and describes the severe losses suffered in collapsed religious sites, schools, and neighborhoods, helping readers understand the everyday human cost of the quake.

Coverage focus: Human stories, damaged communities, rescue difficulties, and the deepening humanitarian burden.

Read the AP News article

8. UN warns window to find Myanmar quake survivors closing, death toll climbs towards 3,000

Source: Reuters
Published: April 1, 2025

This is a critical story for documenting the narrowing rescue window. It emphasizes the urgent need for food, water, and shelter while showing how aftershocks, damaged infrastructure, and conflict conditions complicated life-saving work during the first week after the disaster.

Coverage focus: Search-and-rescue urgency, survival needs, aftershocks, and the pressure of time on emergency operations.

Read the Reuters survivor-focused report

9. How a 'supershear' quake tore through Myanmar

Source: Reuters
Published: April 28, 2025

This later analytical piece helps explain why the earthquake's physical rupture was so remarkable. It describes the unusually long ground rupture and the way scientists used field evidence and seismic data to better understand the mechanics of the disaster.

Coverage focus: Ground rupture, supershear behavior, scientific interpretation, and why the event was exceptionally destructive.

Read the Reuters analysis

10. Thai construction tycoon and 14 others surrender to police over fatal Bangkok tower collapse

Source: Reuters
Published: May 16, 2025

This follow-up story documents one of the earthquake's most important accountability angles. It focuses on the Bangkok high-rise collapse linked to the earthquake and reports on the legal and construction-quality questions that emerged afterward.

Coverage focus: Cross-border impact, tower-collapse investigation, alleged negligence, and longer-term consequences of the earthquake.

Read the Reuters accountability report

2025 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Kunar, Afghanistan Earthquake

Date: August 31, 2025  |  Magnitude: M6.0  |  Estimated deaths: about 2,217  |  Location: Kunar Province, Afghanistan

Although smaller in magnitude than many headline-grabbing earthquakes, this disaster was brutally destructive because it struck mountainous communities where homes, roads, and services were already fragile. Villages in steep terrain can be especially vulnerable when shaking triggers slope failures, rockfall, and road blockages that isolate survivors from help.

This was one of the clearest reminders of a hard truth in earthquake history: devastation is not measured by magnitude alone. In places where buildings are less earthquake-resistant and access is difficult, a moderate-to-strong earthquake can become a mass-casualty catastrophe. The Kunar event ranked as the second-deadliest earthquake of 2025.

2025 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Tibet Earthquake

Date: January 7, 2025  |  Magnitude: M7.1  |  Estimated deaths: at least 126  |  Location: Shigatse area, Tibet Autonomous Region, China

This Himalayan earthquake struck in a cold, high-altitude environment where both geography and weather complicated the emergency response. Strong shaking damaged homes and community buildings, and the immediate concern extended beyond collapse damage to the danger of exposure, aftershocks, and the difficulty of sheltering displaced people in winter conditions.

The event drew attention because it struck a tectonically active mountain belt with long seismic history and because it underscored how quickly an earthquake becomes a broader humanitarian problem in harsh terrain. Even where the death toll was lower than the year’s two worst events, the scale of disruption and the vulnerability of remote settlements made it one of 2025’s most consequential earthquakes.

2024

2024 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Noto Peninsula Earthquake

Date: January 1, 2024  |  Magnitude: M7.5  |  Estimated deaths: about 703  |  Location: Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan

Striking on New Year’s Day, the Noto Peninsula earthquake caused severe shaking, structural collapse, fires, coastal disruption, and long-lasting displacement. Roads were broken, landslides cut access, and some communities found themselves abruptly isolated just as families were gathering for a holiday that ordinarily symbolizes renewal and safety.

What made this event especially memorable was the combination of strong seismic force and cascading impacts. Japan is one of the world’s most earthquake-prepared nations, yet the Noto disaster still caused heavy loss of life and major damage. It became the deadliest earthquake of 2024 and a sobering example of how even well-prepared regions remain vulnerable to large, shallow earthquakes.

2024 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Hualien, Taiwan Earthquake

Date: April 2, 2024  |  Magnitude: M7.4  |  Estimated deaths: 19  |  Location: Hualien County, Taiwan

This earthquake produced powerful shaking across eastern Taiwan and was widely felt well beyond the epicentral area. Buildings tilted or partially collapsed, rockfalls and landslides cut highways through steep mountain terrain, and emergency crews had to focus on both urban rescues and people trapped or stranded in scenic but geologically hazardous areas.

While the death toll was far below that of the year’s worst earthquake, the Hualien event stood out because of the sheer violence of the shaking and the dramatic images of unstable buildings and blocked roads. It also showed the value of preparedness, building standards, and rapid response, which helped prevent an even larger tragedy.

2024 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Port Vila, Vanuatu Earthquake

Date: December 17, 2024  |  Magnitude: M7.3  |  Estimated deaths: 14  |  Location: near Port Vila, Vanuatu

The earthquake near Port Vila brought sudden danger to an island nation already exposed to multiple natural hazards. Strong shaking damaged structures, disrupted services, and created anxiety about aftershocks and coastal impacts. In settings where infrastructure and emergency capacity can be limited, even a relatively modest death toll can still reflect a major national disaster.

This event ranked third by death toll in 2024 and highlighted the vulnerability of Pacific island communities to seismic shocks. Beyond the immediate casualties, earthquakes of this kind can strain transportation, healthcare, communications, and tourism-dependent economies, leaving effects that last well beyond the first response phase.

2023

2023 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Turkey–Syria Earthquakes

Date: February 6, 2023  |  Magnitude: M7.8 and 7.5  |  Estimated deaths: well over 59,000  |  Location: southeastern Türkiye and northern Syria

Few earthquakes in recent history have produced destruction on this scale. The twin main shocks struck heavily populated areas, collapsing apartment blocks, crushing neighborhoods, crippling roads and airports, and overwhelming emergency systems across an enormous region. Winter weather, damaged transport routes, and the sheer number of trapped victims turned rescue work into an immense humanitarian struggle.

This disaster dominated global attention in 2023 because it was not just a major earthquake, but a region-wide catastrophe with long-term consequences for housing, healthcare, heritage sites, and social stability. It was by far the deadliest earthquake of the year and one of the deadliest earthquake disasters of the 21st century.

2023 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Al Haouz, Morocco Earthquake

Date: September 8, 2023  |  Magnitude: M6.8  |  Estimated deaths: about 2,960  |  Location: High Atlas region, Morocco

The Morocco earthquake devastated mountain communities where villages, roads, and older masonry buildings were highly vulnerable to shaking. The geography of the High Atlas compounded the emergency: isolated settlements, steep slopes, damaged road links, and the urgent need for shelter made response and recovery especially difficult in the first days after the quake.

This event stood out because it struck a region not accustomed to frequent globally publicized earthquake disasters, yet the toll was enormous. Many people around the world first learned of remote Atlas villages through images of collapsed homes and rescue work carried out under difficult conditions. It became the second-deadliest earthquake of 2023.

2023 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Herat Earthquake Sequence

Date: October 7–15, 2023  |  Magnitude: Mmultiple 6.3 earthquakes  |  Estimated deaths: about 1,489  |  Location: Herat Province, Afghanistan

This was not a single shock but a devastating sequence of earthquakes that repeatedly struck the same area, compounding fear and destruction. Villages that survived the first collapse risked fresh damage from later shaking, and many families were left outside in unsafe or uncertain conditions while aid workers struggled to assess repeated losses.

The Herat sequence became one of the year’s most tragic examples of how repeated earthquakes can intensify a disaster. The damage was heavily concentrated in vulnerable settlements, and the repeated impacts turned recovery into a moving target. By death toll, the sequence ranked behind only the Türkiye–Syria and Morocco disasters in 2023.

2022

2022 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Khost–Paktika, Afghanistan Earthquake

Date: June 22, 2022  |  Magnitude: M6.0  |  Estimated deaths: about 1,163  |  Location: Khost and Paktika provinces, Afghanistan

This earthquake showed again how a moderate-to-strong quake can become catastrophic when it strikes communities with vulnerable housing and limited emergency access. Mud-brick homes collapsed in large numbers, villages were flattened, and survivors faced an immediate crisis of injuries, shelter loss, and disrupted local services.

Although it did not rank among the decade’s largest earthquakes by magnitude, it was the deadliest earthquake of 2022. The event is often remembered for the painful gap between the earthquake’s size on paper and the scale of human loss on the ground, a gap shaped by construction quality, poverty, and remoteness.

2022 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

West Java Earthquake

Date: November 21, 2022  |  Magnitude: M5.6  |  Estimated deaths: roughly 335 to 635  |  Location: West Java, Indonesia

The West Java earthquake was relatively moderate in magnitude, but it struck a densely populated area and proved exceptionally deadly. Homes, schools, and public buildings were damaged or destroyed, while landslides and blocked roads complicated rescue efforts. The disaster was another reminder that shallow earthquakes beneath populated regions can be especially dangerous.

This event shocked many observers because the magnitude alone did not seem to foreshadow such a high toll. In reality, depth, location, building vulnerability, and population exposure are often more important to devastation than the headline number. The quake became the second-deadliest earthquake of 2022.

2022 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Luding, Sichuan Earthquake

Date: September 5, 2022  |  Magnitude: M6.6  |  Estimated deaths: 93  |  Location: Sichuan Province, China

This earthquake hit a mountainous region where landslides, road damage, and slope instability quickly became major hazards. In addition to structural collapse, the terrain itself turned into part of the emergency, with damaged transport routes making search, medical care, and supply delivery more difficult.

The Luding earthquake ranked third by death toll in 2022 and stood out because it once again highlighted Sichuan’s long association with destructive seismic events. Public attention focused on the interaction between intense shaking and steep terrain, a combination that often multiplies danger far beyond the initial rupture.

2021

2021 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Haiti Earthquake

Date: August 14, 2021  |  Magnitude: M7.2  |  Estimated deaths: about 2,248  |  Location: Nippes and surrounding areas, Haiti

The 2021 Haiti earthquake reduced homes, schools, churches, and hospitals to rubble across southwestern Haiti. Entire communities were thrust into emergency conditions almost instantly, with the injured needing treatment in a country already under severe strain. As in other Haitian disasters, the earthquake’s toll reflected both natural force and deep structural vulnerability.

The tragedy revived painful memories of Haiti’s catastrophic 2010 earthquake, even though the two disasters were different in location and scale. For many outside observers, 2021 was a stark reminder that recovery from one disaster does not erase exposure to the next. By death toll, this was the world’s deadliest earthquake of 2021.

2021 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

West Sulawesi Earthquake

Date: January 15, 2021  |  Magnitude: M6.2  |  Estimated deaths: 105  |  Location: West Sulawesi, Indonesia

The earthquake damaged homes, public offices, hospitals, and other essential facilities in West Sulawesi, forcing large numbers of people into temporary shelter. For survivors, the emergency included not only the first shock but also aftershocks, fear of further collapse, and the practical challenge of rebuilding community life after a sudden structural disaster.

Indonesia experiences frequent earthquakes, but each damaging event still exposes the unequal geography of risk across the archipelago. The West Sulawesi earthquake became the second-deadliest earthquake of 2021 and highlighted the continuing need for resilient construction and fast post-disaster coordination in rapidly growing communities.

2021 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Balochistan Earthquake

Date: October 6, 2021  |  Magnitude: M5.9  |  Estimated deaths: 42  |  Location: Balochistan, Pakistan

This earthquake struck at a depth and in a setting that proved highly destructive for local communities despite the moderate magnitude. Homes collapsed, families were trapped, and the response had to contend with rugged terrain and the realities of smaller settlements where housing may not be engineered to resist strong shaking.

The Balochistan disaster ranked third by death toll in 2021 and serves as another example of why magnitude alone cannot define risk. A mid-sized earthquake can still become a deadly event when it hits vulnerable structures in difficult terrain, particularly during hours when families are indoors and escape time is short.

2020

2020 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Aegean Sea Earthquake

Date: October 30, 2020  |  Magnitude: M7.0  |  Estimated deaths: 119  |  Location: Aegean Sea, affecting western Türkiye and the Greek island of Samos

The Aegean Sea earthquake caused severe damage especially in Izmir, where collapsed apartment buildings and frantic rescue efforts became defining images of the disaster. The event also generated a small tsunami, adding another layer of danger along the coast. For residents, the emergency combined urban collapse, coastal flooding, and the uncertainty of continuing aftershocks.

This was the deadliest earthquake of 2020 and one of the year’s most widely seen disasters. It stood out because its impacts crossed borders and because the most devastating losses were concentrated in places where everyday urban life was suddenly interrupted by the collapse of familiar residential buildings.

2020 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Elazig Earthquake

Date: January 24, 2020  |  Magnitude: M6.7  |  Estimated deaths: 44  |  Location: Elazig Province, Türkiye

The Elazig earthquake struck eastern Türkiye and brought down homes and other structures in cold winter conditions. Search teams worked through damaged neighborhoods where survival depended on speed, access, and weather. As with many inland earthquakes, the damage pattern reflected both strong shaking and the vulnerability of specific buildings rather than a uniform regional collapse.

Although overshadowed internationally by other events later that year, the Elazig earthquake was a major national disaster. It ranked second by death toll in 2020 and showed how winter timing can magnify the consequences of an earthquake by increasing the urgency of rescue, heating, and emergency shelter.

2020 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Oaxaca Earthquake

Date: June 23, 2020  |  Magnitude: M7.4  |  Estimated deaths: 10  |  Location: Oaxaca, Mexico

The Oaxaca earthquake was widely felt in southern and central Mexico and caused damage to homes, roads, and public infrastructure. While the death toll was much lower than in the two deadliest earthquakes of the year, the event still disrupted daily life, raised fears in distant cities, and drew attention to the continuing seismic vulnerability of the Mexican Pacific coast.

Its ranking as the third-deadliest earthquake of 2020 says as much about the year’s relatively lower global earthquake death toll as it does about this event itself. Even so, the quake remains significant for the breadth of the shaking, the visible damage, and the reminder that major offshore and near-coastal earthquakes remain a constant hazard in Mexico.

2019

2019 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Durrës, Albania Earthquake

Date: November 26, 2019  |  Magnitude: M6.4  |  Estimated deaths: 51  |  Location: Durrës region, Albania

This was Albania’s deadliest earthquake in decades, damaging apartments, homes, hotels, and public buildings while sending residents into streets and temporary shelter. The shock was especially traumatic because it struck a country where many people had little recent lived experience with a disaster of this scale, and concern quickly spread to older and more vulnerable structures.

The earthquake became the deadliest quake of 2019 worldwide. That fact reflects both the relatively lower death tolls of that year and the seriousness of the Albanian disaster itself. Public discussion afterward centered on construction safety, inspections, and how countries with modest recent earthquake histories prepare for rare but consequential events.

2019 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Maluku Earthquake

Date: September 25, 2019  |  Magnitude: M6.5  |  Estimated deaths: 41  |  Location: Maluku, Indonesia

The Maluku earthquake damaged homes and public facilities in eastern Indonesia and displaced many people who feared aftershocks or further structural failure. In island and coastal settings, emergency response can be complicated by transportation limits and the need to restore lifelines across dispersed communities rather than a single concentrated urban center.

Ranked second by death toll in 2019, the Maluku event did not become as globally prominent as some Indonesian earthquakes in other years, yet it was still a serious and disruptive disaster. It illustrated once again how Indonesia’s tectonic setting produces recurring emergencies across widely separated islands.

2019 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Azad Kashmir Earthquake

Date: September 24, 2019  |  Magnitude: M5.6  |  Estimated deaths: 40  |  Location: Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Despite its moderate magnitude, the Azad Kashmir earthquake caused deadly building failures and transportation damage, including widely reported road deformation. Communities close to the epicentral area experienced a sharp, destructive burst of shaking that proved lethal in places where structures were unable to absorb the force safely.

The earthquake ranked third by death toll in 2019 and is another important example of why moderate earthquakes should never be dismissed. Where vulnerable housing, concentrated population, and shallow shaking meet, the result can still be deadly even when the magnitude is far below the largest earthquakes recorded that year.

2018

2018 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Palu, Sulawesi Earthquake

Date: September 28, 2018  |  Magnitude: M7.5  |  Estimated deaths: about 4,340  |  Location: Palu and surrounding areas, Sulawesi, Indonesia

The Palu earthquake became one of the most shocking earthquake disasters of the decade because the destruction did not come from shaking alone. A tsunami struck the coast, and widespread soil liquefaction swallowed neighborhoods, twisted roads, and moved large sections of land in ways that seemed almost impossible until they were seen in photographs and video.

This was the deadliest earthquake of 2018 and one of the clearest demonstrations of cascading hazards. The event is remembered not simply as a tectonic rupture, but as a compound disaster in which shaking, tsunami effects, and ground failure worked together to produce extraordinary devastation and long-lasting trauma.

2018 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Lombok Earthquake

Date: August 5, 2018  |  Magnitude: M6.9  |  Estimated deaths: about 513  |  Location: Lombok, Indonesia

The Lombok earthquake badly damaged homes, schools, mosques, and public buildings, displacing large numbers of residents and disrupting tourism as well as local daily life. The disaster was intensified by strong aftershocks and by the psychological toll of repeated shaking, which kept many people outdoors and uncertain about when it would be safe to return.

As the second-deadliest earthquake of 2018, Lombok was a major disaster in its own right, though it was later overshadowed by the even more catastrophic Palu event in the same country. Together, the two earthquakes made 2018 an especially painful year for Indonesia and highlighted the nation’s wide-ranging seismic exposure.

2018 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Papua New Guinea Highlands Earthquake

Date: February 25, 2018  |  Magnitude: M7.5  |  Estimated deaths: 160  |  Location: Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea

This earthquake damaged homes, triggered landslides, and disrupted infrastructure in a rugged region where distance and terrain already pose challenges to daily life. Damage to roads, airstrips, pipelines, and services increased the difficulty of moving aid and assessing losses, while rural communities faced the dual problem of immediate shock damage and longer-term isolation.

The earthquake ranked third by death toll in 2018 and drew attention to how major seismic disasters unfold differently in remote interior regions than in coastal cities. In places where access is limited and infrastructure sparse, recovery can be slower, more fragmented, and deeply dependent on transport and logistics.

2017

2017 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Iran–Iraq Border Earthquake

Date: November 12, 2017  |  Magnitude: M7.3  |  Estimated deaths: about 630  |  Location: Kermanshah region near the Iran–Iraq border

This powerful earthquake caused extensive damage across western Iran and was felt across a broad swath of the Middle East. Buildings collapsed, thousands were injured, and many people were left without safe shelter. In mountain communities and towns close to the epicenter, the disaster unfolded amid urgent rescue needs and widespread structural loss.

It was the deadliest earthquake of 2017 and one of the year’s clearest reminders that destructive seismic events in continental interiors can affect multiple countries at once. The Kermanshah disaster also revived long-running concerns about construction quality, preparedness, and the vulnerability of residential blocks and public buildings.

2017 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Puebla Earthquake

Date: September 19, 2017  |  Magnitude: M7.1  |  Estimated deaths: 370  |  Location: central Mexico, heavily affecting Mexico City and surrounding states

The Puebla earthquake caused collapses in schools, apartment buildings, and offices, with dramatic rescue scenes unfolding in Mexico City and beyond. The disaster was emotionally powerful because it struck on the anniversary of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, linking present tragedy with historic national memory in a way few disasters ever do.

This became the second-deadliest earthquake of 2017 and one of the year’s most internationally recognizable events. It illustrated how even when an epicenter is outside a major metropolis, local geology, building stock, and urban density can focus damage in ways that make a city far from the rupture zone one of the main sites of loss.

2017 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Chiapas Offshore Earthquake

Date: September 7, 2017  |  Magnitude: M8.2  |  Estimated deaths: 98  |  Location: offshore Chiapas, Mexico

This was the strongest earthquake of 2017, and although its offshore location prevented an even worse death toll, it still caused deaths, damage, fear of tsunami effects, and widespread disruption across southern Mexico. The quake was felt over a vast area and created a sense of national alarm because of its size and reach.

Ranked third by death toll in 2017, the Chiapas earthquake is an important reminder that the strongest earthquake of a year is not always the deadliest. Distance from population centers, depth, building vulnerability, and secondary effects often determine the final human toll far more than magnitude alone.

2016

2016 · Rank #1 by yearly death toll

Ecuador Earthquake

Date: April 16, 2016  |  Magnitude: M7.8  |  Estimated deaths: 676  |  Location: Esmeraldas and coastal Ecuador

The Ecuador earthquake struck near the country’s Pacific coast and caused devastating damage in cities and towns where buildings, roads, and essential services were suddenly overwhelmed. Rescue teams worked through heavy collapse zones while families searched for missing relatives and coastal communities struggled to absorb both physical destruction and economic shock.

This was the deadliest earthquake of 2016 and one of Latin America’s major disasters of the decade. It remains significant not only because of the death toll, but because it demonstrated how a large coastal earthquake can damage housing, commerce, transportation, and public confidence all at once.

2016 · Rank #2 by yearly death toll

Central Italy Earthquake

Date: August 24, 2016  |  Magnitude: M6.2  |  Estimated deaths: 299  |  Location: central Italy, including towns in Umbria and neighboring regions

The earthquake devastated historic towns and villages, reducing homes, churches, and centuries-old streetscapes to rubble. Much of the public response was shaped by the heartbreaking contrast between the beauty of these mountain communities and the sudden violence of collapse. Rescue crews searched through dense stone debris where traditional construction had offered little protection against strong shaking.

As the second-deadliest earthquake of 2016, the event became emblematic of a recurring Mediterranean problem: beloved historic building stock can also be dangerously fragile in seismic zones. The disaster raised difficult questions about preservation, retrofitting, and how to protect cultural landscapes without accepting repeated human loss.

2016 · Rank #3 by yearly death toll

Kumamoto Earthquake Sequence

Date: April 15, 2016  |  Magnitude: M7.0  |  Estimated deaths: 273  |  Location: Kyushu, Japan

The Kumamoto earthquake sequence damaged homes, roads, bridges, and public facilities across Kyushu, and in some areas the crisis was intensified by repeated strong shocks rather than a single isolated event. Ground failure, landslides, and infrastructure disruption widened the emergency and made recovery more complicated than a simple count of collapsed buildings would suggest.

This was the third-deadliest earthquake of 2016 and another important case study in how earthquake sequences can deepen fear and prolong disruption. Even in a country with advanced preparedness, a major inland event can still create severe losses, especially when repeated shocks unsettle already weakened structures and communities.

Earthquake News - 2020-2021

GIS and Earthquakes - Useful Links

GIS and Earthquakes - Useful Links


2020-06-23 - Earthquakes of the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico


Hosted by the Science Education Resource Center at Carleton University - Investigating Earthquakes with ArcVoyager GIS

This webpage last updated on 2026-05-03

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